Publications in 2024
Cell Systems - 2024
CheXmask: a large-scale dataset of anatomical segmentation masks for multi-center chest x-ray images
Scientific Data, Number 1, page 511 - 2024
Class imbalance on medical image classification: towards better evaluation practices for discrimination and calibration performance
European Radiology - jun 2024
Demographically-Informed Prediction Discrepancy Index: Early Warnings of Demographic Biases for Unlabeled Populations
Transactions on Machine Learning Research - 2024
Briefings in Bioinformatics, Volume 25, Number 3 - 2024
Computers in Biology and Medicine, Volume 183, page 109234 - 2024
IEEE Trans. on Neural Systems and Rehab. Eng. - 2024
Briefings in Bioinformatics, Volume 25, Number 4 - 2024
Publications in 2023
Biosystems Engineering, Volume 229, page 69-84 - 2023
Publications in 2022
Briefings in Bioinformatics - feb 2022
Network Neuroscience, page 1--17 - jan 2022
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, page 1--10 - 2022
Bioinformatics - aug 2022
Improving anatomical plausibility in medical image segmentation via hybrid graph neural networks: applications to chest x-ray analysis
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging - 2022
arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.07395 - 2022
Secondary structure prediction of long noncoding RNA: review and experimental comparison of existing approaches
Briefing in Bioinformatics - 2022
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Volume 69, Number 2, page 807--817 - feb 2022
Publications in 2021
ChronoRoot: High-throughput phenotyping by deep segmentation networks reveals novel temporal parameters of plant root system architecture
GigaScience, Volume 10, Number 7 - 2021
Machine Learning with Applications, Volume 6 - 2021
Computers in Biology and Medicine - 2021
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), page 6630--6638 - 2021
High precision in microRNA prediction: a novel genome-wide approach with convolutional deep residual networks
Computers in Biology and Medicine, Volume 134 - 2021
Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention -- MICCAI 2021, page 600--610 - 2021
Bioinformatics - 2021
On the relationship between research parasites and fairness in machine learning: challenges and opportunities
GigaScience, Volume 10, Number 12 - 2021
Publications in 2020
An online method for estimating grazing and rumination bouts using acoustic signals in grazing cattle
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 173 - 2020
Data in Brief, Volume 30 - 2020
Bioinformatics - 2020
Bioacoustics, Volume 29, Number 5, page 602--616 - 2020
Oxford Bioinformatics - 2020
Gender imbalance in medical imaging datasets produces biased classifiers for computer-aided diagnosis
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - 2020
Oxford Briefings in Bioinformatics - 2020
Neural Networks, Volume 124, page 269--279 - 2020
Bioinformatics - 11 2020
Publications in 2019
A2B2C 10th Meeting - 2019
A2B2C 10th Meeting - 2019
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems - 2019
Argentine Symposium on Data Science and Big Data, AGRANDA 2019, 48º JAIIO - 2019
Data in Brief (in press) - 2019
A2B2C 10th Meeting - 2019
XX Simposio Argentino de Inteligencia Artificial (ASAI). 48 Jornadas Argentinas de Informática (JAIIO) - UNSa - 2019
MicroRNA prediction from genome-wide data with deep learning: a novel approach based on convolutional residual networks
A2B2C 10th Meeting - 2019
Publications in 2018
A regularity-based algorithm for identifying grazing and rumination bouts from acoustic signals in grazing cattle
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 151, page 392--402 - 2018
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, page 1001--1010 - 2018
Int. J. of Approx. Reasoning, Volume 92, page 295--320 - 2018
Clustermatch: discovering hidden relations in highly diverse kinds of qualitative and quantitative data without standardization
Bioinformatics - 2018
Revista Eletrônica Argentina-Brasil de Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (REABTIC) - 2018
Extreme learning machines for reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks from expression time series
Bioinformatics, Volume 34, Number 7, page 1253--1260 - Apr 2018
IEEE/ACM Trans. on Comp. Biology and Bioinformatics, Volume 15, Number 1, page 168--180 - 2018
Scientific Reports, Volume 8, Number 1, page 16398 - 2018
International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, page 294--302 - 2018
Briefings in Bioinformatics - 2018
Publications in 2017
Springer New York, page 29--37 - 2017
Desarrollo e implementación de aplicación Android para detección de roncopatı́as sobre señales de baja resolución (Undergraduate project)
Master thesis from Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral - 2017
IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing - 2017
IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, Volume 8, Number 1, page 45--53 - 2017
9no Congreso de AgroInformática (CAI 2017) - 46 JAIIO - 2017
Proceedings de XLIII CLEI - 46 JAIIO - 2017
Soft Computing, Volume 21, Number 17, page 5145--5158 - Sep 2017
Bioinformatics - 2017
IEEE/ACM Trans. on Comp. Biology and Bioinformatics, Number 6, page 1316--1326 - 2017
8vo. Congreso Argentino de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional (8CAB2C) - 2017 - 2017
microRNA analysis of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci under praziquantel treatment and genome-wide identification of Taenia solium miRNAs
Int. J. for Parasitology, Volume 47, Number 10--11, page 643--653 - 2017
Monitoring and assessment of ingestive chewing sounds for prediction of herbage intake rate in grazing cattle
Animal - 2017
Publications in 2016
Technical Report , UNL, CONICET, UNR - dec 2016
17º Simposio Argentino de Inteligencia Artificial (ASAI) - 45th JAIIO, page 131--133 - sep 2016
4th ISCB-LA Bioinformatics Conference - 2016
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 127, Number 64--75 - 2016
Briefings in Bioinformatics., Volume 17, Number 1, page 180--183 - 2016
VIII Congreso Argentino de AgroInformática (CAI-2016) - 45 JAIIO, page 216--217 - 2016
4th ISCB-LA Bioinformatics Conference - nov 2016
4th ISCB-LA Bioinformatics Conference, page 1--2 - 2016
4th ISCB-LA Bioinformatics Conference - 2016
Information Sciences - 2016
XVII Simposio Argentino de Inteligencia Artificial - 45 Jornadas Argentinas de Informática, page 136--138 - 2016
BioSystems, Volume 144, page 55--67 - 2016
Extreme learning machines for discovering gene regulatory networks from temporal profiles of expression
4th ISCB-LA Bioinformatics Conference, page 1--2 - 2016
Pattern Recognition Letters, Volume 84, page 1--7 - dec 2016
Genomics, Volume 107, Number 6, page 274--280 - 2016
XVII Simposio Argentino de Inteligencia Artificial - 45 Jornadas Argentinas de Informática, page 128--130 - 2016
IET Signal Processing, Volume 10, Number 6, page 685--691 - 2016
17th Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (ASAI) - 45th JAIIO - nov 2016
Expert Systems With Applications, Volume 64, page 549--556 - 2016
4th ISCB-LA Bioinformatics Conference - 2016
Novel microRNA discovery from genome-wide data: a computational pipeline with unsupervised machine learning
4th ISCB-LA Bioinformatics Conference - 2016
Signal Processing., Volume 119, page 162--168 - 2016
Publications in 2015
Technical Report , UNL, CONICET, UNR - may 2015
Technical Report , UNL, CONICET, UNR - dec 2015
Argentine Symposium on Big Data, 44 JAIIO (Argentine Conference on Informatics) - 2015
Digital Signal Processing, Volume 38, page 22--31 - jan 2015
Primer Simposio Argentino de Grandes Datos AGRANDA 2015, 44 JAIIO Jornadas Argentinas de Informática, page 41--42 - 2015
ASAS-ADSA Joint Annual Meeting - jul 2015
BioSystems, Number 134, page 43--47 - 2015
Metabolomics, Volume 11, Number 5, page 1416--1431 - oct 2015
IEEE IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Volume 12, Number 6, page 1365--1373 - 2015
BioSystems, Volume 138, page 1--5 - oct 2015
VI Argentinian Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology - oct 2015
VI Argentinian Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology - oct 2015
Signal Processing, Volume 106, page 73--87 - jun 2015
Publications in 2014
Technical Report , UNL, CONICET, UNR - may 2014
Congreso Argentino de Agroinformática (CAI 2014) - 43º JAIIO, page 121--134 - 2014
15th Argentine Symposium on Technology, AST 2014, 43º JAIIO, page 48--59 - 2014
Revista Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial, Volume 17, Number 53, page 46--56 - 2014
Revista Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial, Volume 17, Number 53, page 79--89 - 2014
Desarrollo de una biblioteca de extracción de características de datos biológicos secuenciales. (Undergraduate project)
Master thesis from Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral. - 2014
BMC Bioinformatics, Volume 15, Number 101 - 2014
Medical Engineering & Physics - apr 2014
Publications in 2013
Technical Report , UNL, CONICET, Cardiocom. - sep 2013
Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (ASAI 2013) - 42º JAIIO - 2013
Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (ASAI 2013) - 42º JAIIO, page 121--132 - 2013
Computers in Biology and Medicine, Volume 43, Number 11, page 1704--1712 - nov 2013
Expert Systems With Applications, Volume 40, page 3512--3517 - 2013
Latin American Applied Research, Volume 43, Number 3 - 2013
Expert Systems With Applications, Volume 40, page 3841--3845 - 2013
Neural Computing & Applications, Volume 23, Number 6, page 1687--1701 - 2013
4to. Congreso Argentino de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional (4CAB2C) - 2013
Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 40, Number 13, page 5077--5084 - 2013
Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 40, Number 6, page 2350 - 2359 - 2013
14th IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI) - nov 2013
4to. Congreso Argentino de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional (4CAB2C) - 2013
Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (ASAI 2013) - 42º JAIIO, page 24--35 - 2013
Anales de la XV Reunión de Procesamiento de la Información y Control, page 94--99 - sep 2013
Applied Energy, Volume 103, page 278--289 - 2013
Publications in 2012
A biologically-inspired validity measure for comparison of clustering methods over metabolic datasets
IEEE ACM Transactions in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Volume 9, Number 3, page 706--716 - may 2012
Inteligencia Artificial, Volume 15, page 1--12 - 2012
2012 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (IEEE SMC 2012) - 2012
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 87, page 51--55 - sep 2012
Computer Speech and Language, Volume 26, Number 5, page 336--348 - 2012
IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, Volume 7, Number 4, page 22--34 - 2012
3er. Congreso Argentino de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional (3CAB2C) - 2012 - 2012
Photovoltaic generation model as a function of weather variables using artificial intelligence techniques
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 37, Number 19, page 14781--14785 - 2012
Energy Procedia, Volume 14, page 1484--1489 - 2012
Publications in 2011
Livestock Science, Volume 140, Number 1, page 32--41 - 2011
33rd Annual International IEEE EMBS Conference (EMBC 2011), page 5993--5996 - set 2011
5th International Conference on Bioinformatics ans Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2011), page 1--4 - 2011
Correlated postfiltering and mutual information in pseudoanechoic model based blind source separation
Journal of Signal Processing Systems, Volume 63, Number 3, page 333--344 - 2011
12th Argentine Symposium on Technology (40th JAIIO) - aug 2011
XIV Reunión de Trabajo en Procesamiento de la Información y Control (RPIC 2011), page 300--305 - Nov 2011
39º Congreso Argentino de Medicina Respiratoria, page 1--12 - oct 2011
Applied Soft Computing, Volume 11, Number 4, page 3419--3428 - 2011
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. Biologically Inspired Signal Processing: Analysis, Algorithms and Applications, Volume 2011, page 1--14 - 2011
Anales de la XIV Reunión de Procesamiento de la Información y Control - nov 2011
Anales de la XIV Reunión de Procesamiento de la Información y Control - nov 2011
Computer Speech and Language, Volume 25, page 556--570 - 2011
Publications in 2010
*omeSOM: a software for integration, clustering and visualization of transcriptional and metabolite data mined from interspecific crosses of crop plants
BMC Bioinformatics, Volume 4, page 438--448 - 2010
IGI Global, page 287--314 - 2010
XI Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (ASAI 2010) - aug 2010
IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), page 1--7 - Jul 2010
Denoising and Recognition using Hidden Markov Models with Observation Distributions Modeled by Hidden Markov Trees
Pattern Recognition, Number 43, page 1577--1589 - april 2010
Master thesis from Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral - 2010
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 35, Number 11, page 5838--5843 - 2010
Avances en energías renovables y medio ambiente, Volume 14, page 9--15 - 2010
Ciencia, Docencia y Tecnología, Number 40, page 117--132 - may 2010
1er Congreso Argentino de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional - may 2010
Pattern Recognition, Volume 43, Number 12, page 3998--4010 - 2010
Avances en energías renovables y medio ambiente, Volume 14, page 15--21 - 2010
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Volume 5967, page 242–-254 - 2010
Publications in 2009
XIII Reunión de Trabajo en Procesamiento de la Información y Control (RPIC 2009), page 411--416 - september 16-18 2009
Análisis Comparativo del Rendimiento de Diferentes Esquemas de Conexionado ante Sombreado Dinámico en una Central Fotovoltaica
Proc. del Segundo Congreso Iberoamericano en Hidrógeno y Fuentes Sustentables de Energía (HYFUSEN 2009), page 104 - June 2009
Revista Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial, Volume 13, Number 44, page 5--13 - 2009
X Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (ASAI 2009) - August 2009
International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU 2009), page 119--124 - March 2009
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 65, Number 2, page 228--237 - 2009
Proc. of the 8th Latin-American Congress on Electricity Generation and Transmission (CLAGTEE 2009), page 172--173 - 2009
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing (BIOSIGNALS 2009), page 179--185 - January 2009
XIII Reunión de Trabajo en Procesamiento de la Información y Control (RPIC 2009), page 853--858 - september 16-18 2009
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, Volume 17, Number 2, page 299--311 - 2009
Métodos de agrupamiento no supervisado para la integración de datos genómicos y metabólicos de múltiples líneas de introgresión
Revista Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial, Volume 13, Number 44, page 56--66 - 2009
Métodos de agrupamiento no supervisado para la integración de datos genómicos y metabólicos de múltiples líneas de introgresión
X Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (ASAI 2009), page 71--82 - August 2009
Minimum classification error training of hidden Markov models for sequential data in the wavelet domain
Revista Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial, Volume 13, Number 44, page 46--55 - 2009
Minimum classification error training of hidden Markov models for sequential data in the wavelet domain
X Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (ASAI 2009), page 59--70 - August 2009
Modelado y Evaluación del Rendimiento de Centrales Fotovoltaicas en Condiciones de Sombreado Parcial
Anales de la XIII Reunión de Trabajo en Procesamiento de la Información y Control (RPIC 2009), page 781--786 - September 2009
IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), page 2983--2989 - June 2009
XIII Reunión de Trabajo en Procesamiento de la Información y Control (RPIC 2009), page 18--23 - September 2009
32º Congreso Argentino de Producción Animal, page 551 - October 2009
Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, Volume 29, page 551-552 - 2009
Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, Volume 29, page 553-554 - 2009
32º Congreso Argentino de Producción Animal, page 553 - October 2009
Publications in 2008
Technical Report , U. Doshisha, UNER, UNL. - feb 2008
Technical Report , U. Doshisha, UNER, UNL. - sep 2008
XXXIV Conferencia Latinoamericana de Informática, page 1130-1138 - septembre 8-12 2008
Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, Volume 28, page 510--511 - 2008
31º Congreso Argentino de Producción Animal - October 2008
31º Congreso Argentino de Producción Animal - October 2008
Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, Volume 28, page 511--512 - 2008
Revista Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial, Volume 12, Number 37, page 7--13 - 2008
Technical Report 2008-02662, Japan Patent Office, Number 2008-02662 - 2008
Signal Processing, Volume 88, Number 10, page 2578--2583 - 2008
XXXIV Conferencia Latinoamericana de Informática, page 1120-1129 - September 2008
Anales de las 37 Jornadas Argentinas de Informática, JII-Agroinformática, page 372--384 - september 8-12 2008
18th IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing - october 16-18 2008
Publications in 2007
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, book review: N. Nikolaev and H. Iba, Springer, Volume 8, Number 3, page 289--291 - 2007
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Volume 4827, page 518--528 - 2007
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Volume 4827, page 1004-–1014 - 2007
Revista de la Federación Argentina de Sociedades de Otorrinolaringología, Volume 14, Number 1, page 17--24 - 2007
Proc. of the XIV Congress of International Association for Fuzzy-Set Management and Economy (SIGEF 2007) - november 2007
9th Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, page 13--22 - 2007
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Volume 385, Number 1, page 319-332 - 2007
Signal Processing, Volume 87, Number 8, page 1951--1965 - 2007
Technical Report 2007-24897, Japan Patent Office, Number 2007-24897 - 2007
Publications in 2006
Technical Report , - - 2006
Technical Report 2006-19942, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Doshisha University, Number 2006-19942 - 26 2006
E-Proceedings of 6th WSEAS International Conference on Signal, Speech and Image Processing (SSIP '06), page 187--192 - September 22-24 2006
Technical Report DNDA347522, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Number DNDA347522 - 2006
WSEAS Transactions on signal Processing, Volume 2, Number 9, page 1153--1159 - September 2006
7th Argentine Symposium on Computing Technology - 2006
Anales de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Volume 58, page 71--78 - 2006
EdUNER - 2006
7th Argentine Symposium on Computing Technology - 2006
IEEE-RATE, Volume 1, Number 2, page 29-34 - 2006
7th Argentine Symposium on Computing Technology, page 49-60 - 2006
7th Argentine Symposium on Computing Technology - 2006
SCOPE: software para grabación, reproducción, procesamiento y análisis de la voz con aplicaciones en fonoaudiología y lingüística
Technical Report DNDA540143, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Number DNDA540143 - 2006
Master thesis from Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral - 2006
Publications in 2005
Technical Report , - - 2005
7th Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, page 225--236 - 2005
Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Bioingeniería, Volume 11, Number 2, page 19--28 - 2005
XV Congreso Argentino de Bioingeniería (SABI 2005) - Setember 21--23 2005
Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, Volume 25, Number 1, page 190--191 - 2005
28º Congreso Argentino de Producción Animal - October 2005
Technical Report , CETRI-UNL y Eccosur-Sirex - 2005
Proc. 7th Argentine Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, page 249--260 - 2005
Anales de la XI Reunión de Trabajo en Procesamiento de la Información y Control - september 2005
Revista Ciencia, Docencia y Tecnología, Volume XVI, Number 31, page 261--322 - 2005
Publications in 2004
IV Congreso Argentino de Enseñanza de Ingeniería - 2004
Introducing complexity measures in nonlinear physiological signals: application to robust speech recognition
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Volume 332, Number 1, page 496--508 - 2004
Revista Ciencia, Docencia y Tecnología, Volume XV, Number 28, page 149-178 - 2004
Publications in 2003
Proceedings of the International Congress on Computational Bioengineering - 2003
Correlation between the impedance values and behavioral comfortable levels in children with the MED-EL
4th International Symposium on Electronic Implants in Otology and Conventional Hearing Aids - 2003
Memorias del XIV Congreso Argentino de Bioingeniería, page 66 - 2003
Memorias del XIV Congreso Argentino de Bioingeniería, page 70 - 2003
IX Jornadas Internacionales de Ingeniería Clínica y Tecnología Médica - August 2003
PhD thesis from Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada - 2003
IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, Volume 11, Number 4, page 321--333 - 2003
Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, page 2593-2595 - 2003
Segmentación automática de señales de voz mediante el análisis de cambios en la entropía multiresolución continua
Memorias del XIV Congreso Argentino de Bioingeniería, page 125 - 2003
Memorias del XIV Congreso Argentino de Bioingeniería, page 71 - 2003
Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, page 2339--2342 - 2003
Publications in 2002
Correlación entre la Impedancia y Niveles Máximos de Confort en niños con Implante Coclear Multicanal
Congreso Latinoamericano de Implante Coclear Pediátrico - 2002
Proceedings of the 7th International Cochlear Implant Conference - September 2002
Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, page 741-744 - May. 12--17 2002
Proceedings of the 2002 SIAM 50th Anniversary and Annual Meeting - 2002
Revista Ciencia, Docencia y Tecnología, Volume XIII, Number 25, page 173-208 - november 2002
Publications in 2001
A New Technique Based on Augmented Language Models to Improve the Performance of Spoken Dialogue Systems
Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, page 741-744 - 2001
Proceedings of the 5th world multiconference on systemics, cybernetics and informatics (SCI2001) and the 7th international conference on information systems analysis and synthesis (ISAS 2001) - Jul. 2001
Actas del II Congreso de Fonética Experimental, page 56-77 - 2001
Memorias del XXIV congreso nacional de ingeniería biomédica - Oct. 2001
Publications in 2000
Revista de la Sociedad Española para el Pocesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, Number 26, page 169--174 - Sep. 2000
Publications in 1998
Anales del 1er Congreso Latinoamericano de Ingeniería Biomédica, Mazatlán 98, Volume 1, page 779--784 - Nov. 1998
Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Biomédica, Volume 19, Number 4, page 13--26 - Dic. 1998
Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Volume 3, page 1348--1351 - Oct. 1998